Retention in situ and spectral analysis of fluorescent vacuole components in sections of plant tissues

The contents of plant vacuoles vary in different organs and with the health of the plant, but little is known of the cell-to-cell distribution of soluble organic compounds within plant tissues, Soluble fluorescent phenolic compounds can be immobilized in plant tissues using an anhydrous freeze-substitution and resin embedment process, The vacuolar fluorescence can be characterized in fluorescence photomicrographs for variations in color and intensity, or more quantitatively with spectra obtained using a microspectrofluorometer. This is demonstrated here in freeze-substituted roots and leaves of soybean, Excitation and emission spectra of individual vacuoles can be compared with spectra of pure compounds to form profiles of the varied phenolic contents of plant vacuoles, Such analyses will add an important anatomical dimension to the study of plant defense and stress responses.