Evidence for inhibitory allelopathic interactions involving phenolic acids in field soils: Concepts vs. an experimental model

The accepted criteria for identifying allelopathic interactions in the field that have been proposed in the literature offer heuristic function, but to date have failed as a framework for research and diagnostics. If the present criteria are to be modified to make them useful empirically, their shortcomings must be identified. For this review, data from the Literature and from defined model systems consisting of plants, soil, and/or microbes are used to evaluate the applicability of the accepted criteria to defined systems in which plants are responding to known allelochemicals. Based on this evaluation, modified criteria are proposed. In many respects, however, the modified criteria are as difficult to satisfy in the field as those proposed previously. The new criteria have value as a research framework because they clearly suggest that a shift in research focus to the soil environment, specifically the barrier of the rhizosphere through which allelochemicals must pass, is essential if the role of allelopathic interactions in the field is to be established.