Ethics and entrepreneurship

An important criticism of public entrepreneurship has been that its precepts and practices are not consonant with democratic values. This paper examines the meaning of entrepreneurship as defined in both the public and private sectors, suggesting that some attributes of entrepreneurs that commonly are deemed undesirable-egotism, selfishness, waywardness, domination, and opportunism-actually are functional for entrepreneurial activity. This is because entrepreneurship plays an essential role in addressing a particular type of policy problems (here called ''anarchic'')-those where goals are ambiguous or conflicting and where the means to achieve them are unknown or uncertain. Finally, methods are suggested for encouraging ethical entrepreneurship, whether undertaken in an anarchic setting or within an organizational matrix that is communitarian or bureaucratic.