Chemopreventive efficacies of aspirin and sulindac against lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely prescribed drugs. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of aspirin to inhibit lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Lung tumors (9.9 tumors/ mouse) were induced by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), administered in drinking water between week 0 and week +7. Groups of mice were fed sulindac (123 mg/kg diet), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 294 mg/kg), non-buffered Aspirin(R) (294 mg/kg) or buffered Aspirin(R) (294 mg/kg) in AIN-76A diet from week -2 to the end of the bioassay (week +23). These doses are comparable to the maximal doses recommended for humans. ASA and non-buffered Aspirin'' were the most effective inhibitors and reduced lung multiplicities by 60 and 62%, respectively, Sulindac inhibited lung tumor multiplicity by 52%. Inhibition by buffered Aspirin(R) was not statistically significant. We evaluated the efficacies of NSAIDs to inhibit NNK activation by h1A2 v2 cells expressing human P-450 1A2. Salicylates, at doses of 500 mu M and 1 mM, had no effect on NNK activation, Sulindac and its sulfide and sulfone metabolites (1 mM) inhibited NNK metabolism by 90, 92 and 65%, respectively. We observed a 76 % inhibition with SKF 525A, a P-450 inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicate that salicylates and sulindac could be equally effective as chemopreventive agents, but they could differ in their mode of action.