Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets

被引：328

作者：

Butchart, Stuart H. M. ^{[1
]}

Clarke, Martin ^{[1
]}

Smith, Robert J. ^{[2
]}

Sykes, Rachel E. ^{[2
]}

Scharlemann, Joern P. W. ^{[3
]}

Harfoot, Mike ^{[4
,5
]}

Buchanan, Graeme M. ^{[6
]}

Angulo, Ariadne ^{[7
]}

Balmford, Andrew ^{[8
]}

Bertzky, Bastian ^{[4
,9
]}

Brooks, Thomas M. ^{[7
,10
,11
]}

Carpenter, Kent E. ^{[12
]}

Comeros-Raynal, Mia T. ^{[12
]}

Cornell, John ^{[1
]}

Ficetola, G. Francesco ^{[13
]}

Fishpool, Lincoln D. C. ^{[1
]}

Fuller, Richard A. ^{[14
]}

Geldmann, Jonas ^{[15
]}

Harwell, Heather ^{[12
,16
]}

Hilton-Taylor, Craig ^{[17
]}

Hoffmann, Michael ^{[4
,7
]}

Joolia, Ackbar ^{[17
]}

Joppa, Lucas ^{[5
]}

Kingston, Naomi ^{[4
]}

May, Ian ^{[1
]}

Milam, Amy ^{[4
]}

Polidoro, Beth ^{[12
,18
]}

Ralph, Gina ^{[12
]}

Richman, Nadia ^{[19
]}

Rondinini, Carlo ^{[20
]}

Segan, Daniel B. ^{[21
,22
]}

Skolnik, Benjamin ^{[23
]}

Spalding, Mark D. ^{[24
]}

Stuart, Simon N. ^{[4
,7
,25
,26
]}

Symes, Andy ^{[1
]}

Taylor, Joseph ^{[1
]}

Visconti, Piero ^{[5
]}

Watson, James E. M. ^{[21
,22
]}

Wood, Louisa ^{[4
,27
]}

Burgess, Neil D. ^{[4
,15
]}

机构：

[1] BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England

[2] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England

[3] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England

[4] World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, United Nations Environm Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England

[5] Microsoft Res, Sci Computat Lab, Cambridge CB1 FB, England

[6] RSPB Scotland, RSPB Ctr Conservat Sci, Edinburgh EH12 9DH, Midlothian, Scotland

[7] Int Union Conservat Nat, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland

[8] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England

[9] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy

[10] Univ Philippines Los Banos, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines

[11] Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia

[12] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Marine Biodivers Unit, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA

[13] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Ecol Alpine LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[14] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia

[15] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark

[16] Christopher Newport Univ, Dept Organismal & Environm Biol, Newport News, VA 23606 USA

[17] Int Union Conservat Nat, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England

[18] Arizona State Univ, New Coll Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA

[19] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England

[20] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Global Mammal Assessment Program, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[21] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA

[22] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia

[23] Amer Bird Conservancy, The Plains, VA 20198 USA

[24] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Nat Conservancy & Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England

[25] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England

[26] Al Ain Zoo, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates

[27] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England

来源：

CONSERVATION LETTERS | 2015年 / 8卷 / 05期

关键词：

Aichi Targets; Alliance for Zero Extinction; Convention on Biological Diversity; Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas; IUCN Red List; Key Biodiversity Areas; protected areas; PROTECTED AREAS; EXPANSION; WORLDS;

D O I：

10.1111/conl.12158

中图分类号：

X176 [生物多样性保护];

学科分类号：

090705 ;

摘要：

Governments have committed to conserving 17% of terrestrial and 10% of marine environments globally, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity through ecologically representative Protected Area (PA) systems or other area-based conservation measures, while individual countries have committed to conserve 3-50% of their land area. We estimate that PAs currently cover 14.6% of terrestrial and 2.8% of marine extent, but 59-68% of ecoregions, 77-78% of important sites for biodiversity, and 57% of 25,380 species have inadequate coverage. The existing 19.7 million km(2) terrestrial PA network needs only 3.3 million km(2) to be added to achieve 17% terrestrial coverage. However, it would require nearly doubling to achieve, cost-efficiently, coverage targets for all countries, ecoregions, important sites, and species. Poorer countries have the largest relative shortfalls. Such extensive and rapid expansion of formal PAs is unlikely to be achievable. Greater focus is therefore needed on alternative approaches, including community- and privately managed sites and other effective area-based conservation measures.

引用

页码：329 / 337

页数：9

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