Prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms in older premenopausal women - The Harvard Study of Mood and Cycles

被引:123
作者
Harlow, BL
Cohen, LS
Otto, MW
Spiegelman, D
Cramer, DW
机构
[1] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Obstet & Gynecol Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA
[3] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA
[4] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Perinatal Psychiat Clin Res Program, Boston, MA 02114 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.418
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
Background: The Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles is a community-based cohort study designed to evaluate the relationship between major depression and changes in menstrual and ovarian function. Methods: All women aged 36 to 44 years with a verifiable address from 7 Boston, Mass, metropolitan communities were selected from the Massachusetts Town Books. A self-administered questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics and menstrual history, depression history, and current depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) in 4161 women. Results: We observed a score of 16 or more on the CES-D in 22.4% of women surveyed, and 8.6% scored 25 or more. Widowed, divorced, or separated women were twice as likely as married women to have depression scores greater than 16 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.8), and smokers in the upper tertile of pack-years were 1.9 times more likely to have CES-D scores of 16 or more (95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.3). Relative to nulliparous women, those with 1 or 2 children had a 30% lower risk of historic mood disorder, and those with 3 or more children had an even greater reduction in risk (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.6). Menstrual cycle irregularities were largely unassociated with current or past depression. However, 5 of 8 premenstrual symptoms were significantly associated with CES-D scores of 16 or more. Conclusions: These findings corroborate the prevalence of depression reported by other community-based studies, and also support a relationship between depressive symptoms and marital status, cigarette smoking, nulliparity, and premenstrual symptoms.
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页码:418 / 424
页数:7
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