Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: Results of two personal exposure studies

被引:39
作者
Jenkins, RA
Counts, RW
机构
[1] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
[2] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
关键词
area sampling; environmental tobacco smoke; ETS; exposure; nicotine; personal monitoring; solanesol;
D O I
10.2307/3434426
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Personal monitoring is a more accurate measure of individual exposure to airborne constituents because it incorporates human activity patterns and collects actual breathing zone samples to which subjects are exposed. Two recent studies conducted by our laboratory offer perspective on occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from a personal exposure standpoint. In a study of nearly 1600 workers, levels of ETS were lower than or comparable to those in earlier studies. Limits on smoking in designated areas also acted to reduce overall exposure of workers. In facilities where smoking is permitted, ETS exposures are 10 to 20 times greater than in facilities in which smoking is banned. Service workers were exposed to higher levels of ETS than workers in white-collar occupations. For the narrower occupational category of waiters, waitresses, and bartenders, a second study in one urban location indicated that ETS levels to which wait staff are exposed are not considerably different from those exposure levels of subjects in the larger study who work in environments in which smoking is unrestricted. Bartenders were exposed to higher ETS levels, but there is a distinction between bartenders working in smaller facilities and those working in multiroom restaurant bars, with the former exposed to higher levels of ETS than the latter. in addition, ETS levels encountered by these more highly exposed workers are lower that those estimated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Concomitant area monitoring in the smaller study suggests that area samples can only be used to estimate individual personal exposure to within an order of magnitude or greater.
引用
收藏
页码:341 / 348
页数:8
相关论文
共 19 条
[1]   Occupational exposure of nonsmoking nightclub musicians to environmental tobacco smoke [J].
Bergman, TA ;
Johnson, DL ;
Boatright, DT ;
Smallwood, KG ;
Rando, RJ .
AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL, 1996, 57 (08) :746-752
[2]   METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE TO RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS [J].
CONNER, JM ;
OLDAKER, GB ;
MURPHY, JJ .
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, 1990, 11 (02) :189-196
[3]  
Conover W. J., 1980, PRACTICAL NONPARAMET
[4]   A PERSONAL MONITORING STUDY TO ASSESS WORKPLACE EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE [J].
COULTAS, DB ;
SAMET, JM ;
MCCARTHY, JF ;
SPENGLER, JD .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 1990, 80 (08) :988-990
[5]   OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE [J].
HAMMOND, SK ;
SORENSEN, G ;
YOUNGSTROM, R ;
OCKENE, JK .
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1995, 274 (12) :956-960
[6]   Determination of volatile organic compounds and respirable suspended particulate matter in New Jersey and Pennsylvania homes and workplaces [J].
Heavner, DL ;
Morgan, WT ;
Ogden, MW .
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL, 1996, 22 (02) :159-183
[7]  
Jenkins RA, 1996, J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID, V6, P473
[8]  
JENKINS RA, 1997, UNPUB 51 TOB CHEM RE
[9]  
LAKIND JS, IN PRESS RISK ANAL
[10]  
MASKARINEC MP, 1997, UNPUB 51 TOB CHEM RE