Visual attention in adolescents: Facilitating effects of sport expertise and acute physical exercise

被引:26
作者
Cereatti, Ludo [1 ]
Casella, Rita [1 ]
Manganelli, Manuela [1 ]
Pesce, Caterina [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Rome, Inst Movement Sci IUSM, Dept Educ Sport & Human Mot, I-00194 Rome, Italy
关键词
Focusing; Orienting; Physical load; Orienteering; Adolescents; Reaction time; ORIENTEERS; REST; COST;
D O I
10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.05.002
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
Objectives: This study investigated visual attention of adolescent orienteers and physically active adolescents non-practising orienteering both at rest and under acute sub-maximal exercise. It was verified whether the practice of orienteering facilitates the development of visual attentional abilities and whether orienteers, who are used to simultaneously handle physiological and cognitive-attentional loads, may better profit than non-orienteers from the beneficial effects of sub-maximal physical load on processing speed. Methods: Both the focusing of attention at foveal and parafoveal locations and the orienting of attention at peripheral locations were investigated. In two discriminative reaction time (RT) experiments, a cue of varying size was presented centrally or peripherally and followed by a compound stimulus with local and global target features. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) varied between a short and a long interval. Results: In both experiments, adolescent orienteers and non-practisers showed different patterns of attentional effects. Adolescent orienteers were more similar to young adults in the attentional performance, being better able than non-practisers to perform complex attentional operations involving the intentional zooming of attention in the central visual field and the orienting of the attentional focus in the peripheral visual field. Also, both orienteers and non-orienteers speeded up their performance during exercise, but this facilitation effect was more pronounced for orienteers, who are probably skilled in directing the available resources to task demands. Conclusions: Our results suggest that cognitive expertise represents a key factor in sports that accelerates the development of visual attention and enhances the facilitating effects of physical exercise on attentional performance. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:136 / 145
页数:10
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