The specific adsorption of sodium cations on less common metal oxides at high ionic strengths

Sodium cations adsorb specifically on metal oxides at high ionic strengths. This results in a shift in the isoelectric point (IEP) to higher pH values. When the critical concentration of electrolyte is exceeded there is no IEP at all and the electrokinetic potential is positive even at very high pH values. The critical NaI concentration is rather insensitive to the nature of the metal oxide (but silica behaves differently), and this suggests that the specific adsorption is chiefly due to ion-ion and ion-solvent interaction in solution. The experimental results obtained with indium and niobium oxides (critical concentrations of about 0.35 mol dm(-3)) confirmed this trend. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).