Changes in neutral and malonyl ginsenosides in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) during drying, storage and ethanolic extraction

The cultivar and environmental variations of beta-glucan content and beta-glucanase activity in grains and malt were investigated in 8 barley cultivars grown at 7 locations. On average, for all cultivars and locations, approximately 80% of beta-glucan present in grains was degraded after malting, but there was great variation among both cultivars and locations. beta-glucanase activity was much lower but detectable in grains, and it dramatically increased after malting. The cultivar and environmental variations of beta-glucan content were much higher in malt than in grains, and malt beta-glucan content was more dependent on malt beta-glucanase activity than the original level of beta-glucan in grains. The correlation analysis of beta-glucan content, beta-glucanase activity and four malt quality parameters (Kolbach index, diastatic power, viscosity and malt extract) showed that malt-glucan content was highly significantly correlated with all quality parameters, while the association between grain beta-glucan content and these quality parameters was relatively weak. Malt beta-glucan content was negatively and highly significantly correlated with malt beta-glucanase activity, and positively and significantly correlated with grain beta-glucan content. It was also found that there was a positive and significant correlation between grain and malt beta-glucanase activity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.