Including transformation products into the risk assessment for chemicals:: The case of nonylphenol ethoxylate usage in Switzerland

被引:60
作者
Fenner, K [1 ]
Kooijman, C [1 ]
Scheringer, M [1 ]
Hungerbühler, K [1 ]
机构
[1] ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Chem Engn Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es015576i
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A method for applying the risk assessment approach using ratios of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) to mixtures of parent Corn pounds and their environmental transformation products is presented, Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEOs) and a selection of their most relevant transformation products are investigated as a case study illustrating the method. The PEC values of NPnEO and its transformation products are calculated with a regional multimedia fate model including the transformation kinetics of the NPnEO degradation cascade. PNEC values are derived from a selection of toxicity data on NPnEO and its transformation products. The toxicity of the emerging mixture of NPnEO and its transformation products is then estimated under the assumption of concentration addition (similar mode of action). On this basis, PEC-to-PNEC ratios for the aquatic environment and the sediment are calculated for the individual components of the mixture and the mixture itself. For this purpose, average release rates of NPnEO and its transformation products from Swiss sewage treatment plants were used, While the PEC values of the individual components do not exceed the corresponding PNEC values, the risk quotient of the mixture in water is greater than 1. In sediment, the mixture does not exceed a risk quotient of 1, A combination of sensitivity and scenario analyses is employed to identify the upper and lower bounds of the results.
引用
收藏
页码:1147 / 1154
页数:8
相关论文
共 44 条
  • [1] Estrogenic metabolites of alkylphenol polyethoxylates in secondary sewage effluents and rivers
    Ahel, M
    Molnar, E
    Ibric, S
    Giger, W
    [J]. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2000, 42 (7-8) : 15 - 22
  • [2] AEROBIC TRANSFORMATION OF SHORT-CHAIN ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATES BY MIXED BACTERIAL CULTURES
    AHEL, M
    HRSAK, D
    GIGER, W
    [J]. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, 1994, 26 (04) : 540 - 548
  • [3] BEHAVIOR OF ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT .1. OCCURRENCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN SEWAGE-TREATMENT
    AHEL, M
    GIGER, W
    KOCH, M
    [J]. WATER RESEARCH, 1994, 28 (05) : 1131 - 1142
  • [4] Predictability of the toxicity of multiple chemical mixtures to Vibrio fischeri:: Mixtures composed of similarly acting chemicals
    Altenburger, R
    Backhaus, T
    Boedeker, W
    Faust, M
    Scholze, M
    Grimme, LH
    [J]. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 2000, 19 (09) : 2341 - 2347
  • [5] Predictability of the toxicity of a multiple mixture of dissimilarly acting chemicals to Vibrio fischeri
    Backhaus, T
    Altenburger, R
    Boedeker, W
    Faust, M
    Scholze, M
    Grimme, LH
    [J]. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, 2000, 19 (09) : 2348 - 2356
  • [6] A unified approach to exposure assessment by computer models for degradation reactions and soil accumulation:: The triazine herbicide example
    Behrendt, H
    Altschuh, J
    Sixt, S
    Gasteiger, J
    Höllering, R
    Kostka, T
    [J]. CHEMOSPHERE, 1999, 38 (08) : 1811 - 1823
  • [7] Relative risks of transformation products of pesticides for aquatic ecosystems
    Belfroid, AC
    van Drunen, M
    Beek, MA
    Schrap, SM
    van Gestel, CAM
    van Hattum, B
    [J]. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 1998, 222 (03) : 167 - 183
  • [8] Brunner C, 2000, TENSIDE SURFACT DET, V37, P276
  • [9] Occurrence of estrogenic nonylphenols in the urban and coastal atmosphere of the lower Hudson River estuary
    Dachs, J
    Van Ry, DA
    Eisenreich, SJ
    [J]. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 1999, 33 (15) : 2676 - 2679
  • [10] Liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry as a valuable tool for characterizing biodegradation intermediates of branched alcohol ethoxylate surfactants
    Di Corcia, A
    Crescenzi, C
    Marcomini, A
    Samperi, R
    [J]. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 1998, 32 (05) : 711 - 718