Botulinum toxin treatment of children with cerebral palsy - a short review of different injection techniques

被引：46

作者：

Schroeder, A. S. ^{[1
]}

Berweck, S. ^{[1
]}

Lee, S. H. ^{[1
]}

Heinen, F. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Munich, Dr Von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Dept Paediat Neurol & Dev Med, D-80337 Munich, Germany

来源：

NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH | 2006年 / 9卷 / 2-3期

关键词：

botulinum toxin; cerebral palsy; ultrasound; electrical stimulation; EMG; neuromuscular junction; diffusion; dilution;

D O I：

10.1007/BF03033938

中图分类号：

Q189 [神经科学];

学科分类号：

071006 [神经生物学];

摘要：

The intramuscular application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has emerged to be an established treatment option to reduce muscular hyperactivity due to spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Accurate injection is a prerequisite for efficient and safe treatment with BoNT/A. So far, treatment procedures have not been standardized. This paper is a short review of different injection techniques, Le., manual needle placement as well as guidance by electromyography, electrical stimulation, and ultrasound. Advantages and disadvantages of the different injection techniques are discussed with a focus on needle positioning within the targeted muscle, injection close to the neuromuscular junction and diffusion of BoNT/A within the target muscles and through fascia. The additional information gained by each injection technique is weighed in terms of the clinical impact for children with cerebral palsy.

引用

页码：189 / 196

页数：8

共 33 条

[1]

Needle EMG guidance is useful [J].