Improved fitness of aphid parasitoids receiving resource subsidies

被引:226
作者
Tylianakis, JM
Didham, RK
Wratten, SD
机构
[1] Univ Gottingen, Fachgebeit Agrarokol, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
[2] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 4800, New Zealand
[3] Lincoln Univ, Ctr Adv Bioprotect Technol, Div Soil Plant & Ecol Sci, Canterbury, New Zealand
关键词
aphid; Aphidiidae; Aphidius rhopalosiphi; egg limitation; egg load; fecundity; fitness; flower-feeding; lifetime reproductive success; parasitoid; resource subsidies; time limitation;
D O I
10.1890/03-0222
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The availability of nonhost resource subsidies affects the ability of parasitoids to overcome egg and time limitation and maximize lifetime reproductive success. We combined field and laboratory experiments to examine the effects of floral resource subsidies on the reproductive fitness of aphid parasitoids. Under controlled laboratory conditions, sugar resources significantly increased longevity and potential fecundity (egg load) in the endoparasitoids Aphidius rhopalosiphi and Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Laboratory microcosm experiments showed that increased potential fecundity translated into significantly higher realized fecundity (i.e., rates of aphid parasitism) by A. rhopalosiphi receiving resource subsidies. Mechanisms of enhanced realized fecundity also operated under natural field conditions. Replicated field experiments on cultivated wheat, with host density controlled by experimental placement of aphids, showed that, in general, proximity to floral resource patches significantly increased rates of parasitism. Parasitism rates declined exponentially with increasing distance from floral patches, reaching zero beyond 14 m. Increased potential fecundity reduces the chances of parasitoids becoming egg-limited, whereas increased longevity reduces the chances of parasitoids becoming time-limited during host oviposition. Although the plasticity of egg load and longevity observed under varying conditions of resource availability is probably more relevant to parasitoid evolution, the individual fitness benefits from ephemeral resource patches are certainly important in the ecological enhancement of biological control agents.
引用
收藏
页码:658 / 666
页数:9
相关论文
共 41 条
[1]   PREDATION IN DIVERSIFIED AGROECOSYSTEMS - RELATIONS BETWEEN A COCCINELLID PREDATOR COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA AND ITS FOOD [J].
ANDOW, DA ;
RISCH, SJ .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, 1985, 22 (02) :357-372
[2]  
[Anonymous], 1998, Enhancing biological control: habitat management to promote natural enemies of agricultural pests
[3]   Impact of a natural enemy overwintering refuge and its interaction with the surrounding landscape [J].
Corbett, A ;
Rosenheim, JA .
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, 1996, 21 (02) :155-164
[4]   Influence of noncrop habitats on the distribution of Eriborus terebrans (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in cornfields [J].
Dyer, LE ;
Landis, DA .
ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY, 1997, 26 (04) :924-932
[5]   Seasonal changes in female size and its relation to reproduction in the parasitoid Asobara tabida [J].
Ellers, J ;
Bax, M ;
van Alphen, JJM .
OIKOS, 2001, 92 (02) :309-314
[6]   Non-additive effects of multiple natural enemies on aphid populations [J].
Ferguson, KI ;
Stiling, P .
OECOLOGIA, 1996, 108 (02) :375-379
[7]  
GURR GM, IN PRESS PLANT DERIV
[8]   INTERPRETING PATTERNS OF RESOURCE UTILIZATION - RANDOMNESS AND SELECTIVITY IN POLLEN FEEDING BY ADULT HOVERFLIES [J].
HASLETT, JR .
OECOLOGIA, 1989, 78 (04) :433-442
[9]   Egg limitation, host quality, and dynamic behavior by a parasitoid in the field [J].
Heimpel, GE ;
Rosenheim, JA ;
Mangel, M .
ECOLOGY, 1996, 77 (08) :2410-2420
[10]   Effects of time limitation and egg limitation on lifetime reproductive success of a parasitoid in the field [J].
Heimpel, GE ;
Mangel, M ;
Rosenheim, JA .
AMERICAN NATURALIST, 1998, 152 (02) :273-289