Process-form relationships in Southern Italian badlands: erosion rates and implications for landform evolution

Characteristic badlands are incised into Plio-Pleistocene clavs in Basilicata. southern Italy, creating steep, scarp slopes with knife-edge ridges (calanchi) and small dome-shaped forms (biancane). Erosion pin data for the period 1997-2003 give mean annual erosion rates for dome-shaped biancane in the range 9-19 mm a(-1), while rates for the calanchi scarps are lower, at 7-10 mm a(-1). The erosion pin data also show a non-linear relationship with slope angle. Maximum erosion rates coincide with a slope angle of 35 degrees, within an envelope defined by combining the theoretical effects of both rainsplash and surface weathering. Monitoring of surface changes and erosion rates for two 0.5 m(2) cleared swathes on biancane forms reveals a complex relationship between weathering and erosion. Characteristic forms can develop from large blocks of intact clay bedrock over a time period of less than 30 a. The implications of the measured erosion rates for the landform association of mountain front/ pediment/domed inselberg are explored. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.