Goals, culture, and subjective well-being

The present studies examined the role of independent and interdependent goal pursuits in the subjective well-being (SWB) of Asian and European American college students. In Study 1, the authors found that independent goal pursuit (i.e., goal pursuit for fun and enjoyment) increased the benefit of goal attain ment on SWB among European Americans but not among Asian Americans. In Study 2, the authors found that interdependent goal Pursuit (i.e., goal pursuit to Please parents and friends) increased the benefit of goal attainment on the SWB of Asian Americans, whereas it did not increase the benefit of goal attainment on the SWB of European Americans. In Study 3, the authors found that whereas interdependent goal Pursuit increased. the benefit of goal attainment, independent goal pursuit did not increase the benefit of goal attain men I among Japanese college students. Altogether the present 'findings suggest that independent and interdependent goal pursuits result in divergent affective consequences across cultures.