Population Structure of Toxoplasma gondii: Clonal Expansion Driven by Infrequent Recombination and Selective Sweeps

被引:183
作者
Sibley, L. David [1 ]
Ajioka, James W. [2 ]
机构
[1] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[2] Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England
基金
美国国家卫生研究院; 英国惠康基金;
关键词
parasite; genetics; virulence; global; transmission;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162925
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Toxoplasma gondii is among the most successful parasites. It is capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals and causing opportunistic disease in humans. T gondii has a striking clonal population structure consisting of three predominant lineages in North America and Europe. Clonality is associated with the recent emergence of a monomorphic version of Chr 1a, which drove a selective genetic sweep within the past 10,000 years. Strains from South America diverged from those in North America some 1-2 mya; recently, however, the monomorphic Chr I a has extended into regions of South America, where it is also associated with clonality. The recent spread of a few dominant lineages has dramatically shaped the population structure of T gondii and has resulted in most lineages sharing a highly pathogenic nature. Understanding the factors that have shaped the population structure of T gondii has implications for the emergence and transmission of human pathogens.
引用
收藏
页码:329 / 351
页数:23
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