Particulate air pollution

被引:22
作者
Bates, DV
机构
[1] Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
关键词
D O I
10.1136/thx.51.Suppl_2.S3
中图分类号
R56 [呼吸系及胸部疾病];
学科分类号
摘要
Time-series, cross-sectional, and prospective cohort studies ha ve observed associations between mortality and particulate air pollution but have been limited by ecologic design or small numbers of subjects or study areas. The present study evaluates effects of particulate air pollution on mortality using data from a large cohort drawn from many study areas. We linked ambient air pollution data from 151 U.S. metropolitan areas in 1980 with individual risk factors on 552 138 adults who resided in these areas when enrolled in a prospective study in 1982. Deaths were ascertained through December, 1989. Exposure to sulfate and fine particulate air pollution, which is primarily from fossil fuel combustion, was estimated from national data bases. The relationships of air pollution to all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary mortality were examined using multivariate analysis which controlled for smoking, education, and other risk factors. Although small compared with cigarette smoking, an association between mortality and particulate air pollution was observed Adjusted relative risk ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality for the most polluted areas compared with the least polluted equaled 1.15 (1.09 to 1.22) and 1.17 (1.09 to 1.26) when using sulfate and fine particulate measures respectively Particulate air pollution was associated with cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality but not with mortality due to other causes. Increased mortality is associated with sulfate and fine particulate air pollution at levels commonly found in U.S. cities. The increase in risk is not attributable to tobacco smoking, although other unmeasured correlates of pollution cannot be excluded with certainty.
引用
收藏
页码:S3 / S8
页数:6
相关论文
共 41 条
[1]   ESTIMATED LONG-TERM AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF PM(10) AND DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN A NONSMOKING POPULATION [J].
ABBEY, DE ;
HWANG, BL ;
BURCHETTE, RJ ;
VANCUREN, T ;
MILLS, PK .
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 1995, 50 (02) :139-152
[2]   LOADINGS, SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS, AND SOURCES OF COMPOUND CLASSES IN LOS-ANGELES AEROSOL [J].
ALLEN, DT .
INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, 1995, 7 (05) :723-734
[3]  
BALOGH M, 1993, 1416 TRANSP RES BOAR
[4]  
Bascom R, 1996, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V153, P3, DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542133
[5]   HEALTH INDEXES OF THE ADVERSE-EFFECTS OF AIR-POLLUTION - THE QUESTION OF COHERENCE [J].
BATES, DV .
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 1992, 59 (02) :336-349
[6]   AIR-POLLUTION AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO - THE ACID SUMMER HAZE EFFECT [J].
BATES, DV ;
SIZTO, R .
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 1987, 43 (02) :317-331
[7]   ASTHMA ATTACK PERIODICITY - A STUDY OF HOSPITAL EMERGENCY VISITS IN VANCOUVER [J].
BATES, DV ;
BAKERANDERSON, M ;
SIZTO, R .
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 1990, 51 (01) :51-70
[8]  
BATES DV, 1994, ENV HLTH RISKS PUBLI
[9]  
BATES DV, 1972, CITIZENS GUIDE AIR P
[10]   ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AMBIENT PARTICULATE SULFATE AND ADMISSIONS TO ONTARIO HOSPITALS FOR CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY-DISEASES [J].
BURNETT, RT ;
DALES, R ;
KREWSKI, D ;
VINCENT, R ;
DANN, T ;
BROOK, JR .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 1995, 142 (01) :15-22