Alveolar Epithelial Dynamics in Postpneumonectomy Lung Growth

The intimate anatomic and functional relationship between epithelial cells and endothelial cells within the alveolus suggests the likelihood of a coordinated response during postpneumonectomy lung growth. To define the population dynamics and potential contribution of alveolar epithelial cells to alveolar angiogenesis, we studied alveolar Type II and I cells during the 21 days after pneumonectomy. Alveolar Type II cells were defined and isolated by flow cytometry using a CD45(-), MHC class II+, phosphine(+) phenotype. These phenotypically defined alveolar Type II cells demonstrated an increase in cell number after pneumonectomy; the increase in cell number preceded the increase in Type I (T1 alpha(+)) cells. Using a parabiotic wild type/GFP pneumonectomy model, <3% of the Type II cells and 1% of the Type I cells were positive for GFP-a finding consistent with the absence of a blood-borne contribution to alveolar epithelial cells. The CD45(-), MHC class II+, phosphine(+) Type II cells demonstrated the active transcription of angiogenesis-related genes both before and after pneumonectomy. When the Type II cells on Day 7 after pneumonectomy were compared to nonsurgical controls, 10 genes demonstrated significantly increased expression (P<0.05). In contrast to the normal adult Type II cells, there was notable expression of inflammation-associated genes (Ccl2, Cxcl2, Ifng) as well as genes associated with epithelial growth (Ereg, Lep). Together, the data suggest an active contribution of local alveolar Type II cells to alveolar growth. Anat Rec, 296: 495-503, 2013. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.