Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits the proliferation and invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells

Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, one of metabolites of ginseng saponins, has been well characterized to possess the pleiotropic anticancer capabilities in several cancer cell lines. The object of this study was to investigate the effects of ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol on the invasion in vitro and the expression of matrix metalloprotemase-2 in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells in absence of cytotoxicity. Our results showed that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HT1080 Cells (IC50 was 76.78 +/- 2.24 mu M, 48 hr). Treatment with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol significantly declined the invasive capacity of HT1080 cells compared to the control cells (P < 0.01) in the in vitro invasion assay. Further analysis with gelatin zymography and western blotting revealed that both the activity and the expression of matrix metalloprotemase-2 decreased dramatically in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Taken together, these results indicated that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol is able to inhibit the invasiveness of HT1080 cells significantly in vitro and this action may be primarily due to down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, a metabolite of ginseng, may be applied as a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of cancer.