Sympatric, parapatric or allopatric: the most important way to classify speciation?

被引:241
作者
Butlin, Roger K. [1 ]
Galindo, Juan [1 ]
Grahame, John W. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England
[2] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England
基金
英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
Littorina saxatilis; local adaptation; incipient species; parallel speciation; reproductive isolation;
D O I
10.1098/rstb.2008.0076
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The most common classification of modes of speciation begins with the spatial context in which divergence occurs: sympatric, parapatric or allopatric. This classification is unsatisfactory because it divides a continuum into discrete categories, concentrating attention on the extremes, and it subordinates other dimensions on which speciation processes vary, such as the forces driving differentiation and the genetic basis of reproductive isolation. It also ignores the fact that speciation is a prolonged process that commonly has phases in different spatial contexts. We use the example of local adaptation and partial reproductive isolation in the intertidal gastropod Littorina saxatilis to illustrate the inadequacy of the spatial classification of speciation modes. Parallel divergence in shell form in response to similar environmental gradients in England, Spain and Sweden makes this an excellent model system. However, attempts to demonstrate 'incipient' and 'sympatric' speciation involve speculation about the future and the past. We suggest that it is more productive to study the current balance between local adaptation and gene flow, the interaction between components of reproductive isolation and the genetic basis of differentiation.
引用
收藏
页码:2997 / 3007
页数:11
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