Innovative Reactive Energy Management for a Photovoltaic Battery System

This paper presents an optimizing model-based energy management system for an AC-coupled grid connected photovoltaic battery system. The energy management consists of a prediction module, an optimization module, and a reactive management module. The main focus of this article is to present an innovative reactive management that can handle forecast uncertainties. The so called "SOC-bound method" will be described in detail. Main idea is to combine the outputs of the dynamic programming algorithm with a simple rule-based strategy. Furthermore, the results of a start-time and start-/end-SOC sensitivity analysis concerning the six performance criteria self-sufficiency, self-consumption, grid relief factor, economic parameter, battery full cycles, and specific battery stress value will be discussed. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.