Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers

被引：978

作者：

Cui, Zhenling ^{[1
]}

Zhang, Hongyan ^{[1
]}

Chen, Xinping ^{[1
]}

Zhang, Chaochun ^{[1
]}

Ma, Wenqi ^{[2
]}

Huang, Chengdong ^{[1
]}

Zhang, Weifeng ^{[1
]}

Mi, Guohua ^{[1
]}

Miao, Yuxin ^{[1
]}

Li, Xiaolin ^{[1
]}

Gao, Qiang ^{[3
]}

Yang, Jianchang ^{[4
]}

Wang, Zhaohui ^{[5
]}

Ye, Youliang ^{[6
]}

Guo, Shiwei ^{[7
]}

Lu, Jianwei ^{[8
]}

Huang, Jianliang ^{[8
]}

Lv, Shihua ^{[9
]}

Sun, Yixiang ^{[10
]}

Liu, Yuanying ^{[11
]}

Peng, Xianlong ^{[11
]}

Ren, Jun ^{[12
]}

Li, Shiqing ^{[13
]}

Deng, Xiping ^{[13
]}

Shi, Xiaojun ^{[14
]}

Zhang, Qiang ^{[15
]}

Yang, Zhiping ^{[15
]}

Tang, Li ^{[16
]}

Wei, Changzhou ^{[17
]}

Jia, Liangliang ^{[18
]}

Zhang, Jiwang ^{[19
]}

He, Mingrong ^{[19
]}

Tong, Yanan ^{[5
]}

Tang, Qiyuan ^{[20
]}

Zhong, Xuhua ^{[21
]}

Liu, Zhaohui ^{[22
]}

Cao, Ning ^{[23
]}

Kou, Changlin ^{[24
]}

Ying, Hao ^{[1
]}

Yin, Yulong ^{[1
]}

Jiao, Xiaoqiang ^{[1
]}

Zhang, Qingsong ^{[1
]}

Fan, Mingsheng ^{[1
]}

Jiang, Rongfeng ^{[1
]}

Zhang, Fusuo ^{[1
]}

Dou, Zhengxia ^{[25
]}

机构：

[1] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China

[2] Agr Univ Hebei, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Baoding 071001, Peoples R China

[3] Jilin Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changchun 130118, Jilin, Peoples R China

[4] Yangzhou Univ, Key Lab Crop Genet & Physiol Jiangsu Prov, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[5] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China

[6] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, Peoples R China

[7] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[8] Huazhong Agr Univ, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China

[9] Sichuan Acad Agr Sci, Soil & Fertilizer Res Inst, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, Peoples R China

[10] Anhui Acad Agr Sci, Soil & Fertilizer Res Inst, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China

[11] Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China

[12] Jilin Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resource & Environm, Changchun 130033, Jilin, Peoples R China

[13] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China

[14] Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China

[15] Shanxi Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Environm & Resources, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, Peoples R China

[16] Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China

[17] Shihezi Univ, Agr Coll, Dept Resources & Environm, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, Peoples R China

[18] Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Environm, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, Peoples R China

[19] Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Tai An 271000, Shandong, Peoples R China

[20] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China

[21] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Rice Res Inst, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China

[22] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China

[23] Jilin Univ, Coll Plant Sci, Changchun 130012, Jilin, Peoples R China

[24] Henan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Nutr & Resource Environm, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China

[25] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Anim Hlth & Prod, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2018年 / 555卷 / 7696期

关键词：

CROP SYSTEM MANAGEMENT; INTENSIFICATION; YIELD; AGRICULTURE; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; FUTURE; CHINA;

D O I：

10.1038/nature25785

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Sustainably feeding a growing population is a grand challenge(1-3), and one that is particularly difficult in regions that are dominated by smallholder farming. Despite local successes(4-8), mobilizing vast smallholder communities with science-and evidence-based management practices to simultaneously address production and pollution problems has been infeasible. Here we report the outcome of concerted efforts in engaging millions of Chinese smallholder farmers to adopt enhanced management practices for greater yield and environmental performance. First, we conducted field trials across China's major agroecological zones to develop locally applicable recommendations using a comprehensive decision-support program. Engaging farmers to adopt those recommendations involved the collaboration of a core network of 1,152 researchers with numerous extension agents and agribusiness personnel. From 2005 to 2015, about 20.9 million farmers in 452 counties adopted enhanced management practices in fields with a total of 37.7 million cumulative hectares over the years. Average yields (maize, rice and wheat) increased by 10.8-11.5%, generating a net grain output of 33 million tonnes (Mt). At the same time, application of nitrogen decreased by 14.7-18.1%, saving 1.2 Mt of nitrogen fertilizers. The increased grain output and decreased nitrogen fertilizer use were equivalent to US$12.2 billion. Estimated reactive nitrogen losses averaged 4.5-4.7 kg nitrogen per Megagram (Mg) with the intervention compared to 6.0-6.4 kg nitrogen per Mg without. Greenhouse gas emissions were 328 kg, 812 kg and 434 kg CO2 equivalent per Mg of maize, rice and wheat produced, respectively, compared to 422 kg, 941 kg and 549 kg CO2 equivalent per Mg without the intervention. On the basis of a large-scale survey (8.6 million farmer participants) and scenario analyses, we further demonstrate the potential impacts of implementing the enhanced management practices on China's food security and sustainability outlook.

引用

页码：363 / +

页数：18

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