Risk of hypertension and renal dysfunction with an angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. Sunitinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and undergoing evaluation for other malignancy. Hypertension is one of its major side effects with a substantial variation in the reported incidences among clinical studies. We here performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials to determine its overall risk. Methods. Relevant studies were searched and identified in MEDLINE (OVID 1966 to July, 2007), Web of Science, and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings from 2004 through 2007. Eligible studies were prospective clinical trials that had described events of hypertension for patients who received single agent sunitinib. The incidence of hypertension and relative risk (RR) were calculated using the random-effects or the fixed-effects model. Results. A total of 4, 999 patients with RCC and other malignancies from 13 clinical trials were included for analysis. Among patients receiving sunitinib, the incidence of all-grade and high-grade hypertensions were 21.6% (95% CI: 18.7-24.8%) and 6.8% (95% CI: 5.3-8.8%) respectively. The risk may vary with tumor type and the dosing schedule of sunitinib. Sunitinib was associated with a significantly increased risk of high-grade hypertension (RR = 22.72, 95% CI: 4.48 to 115.29, p < 0.001) and renal dysfunction (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.54, p < 0.001) in comparison with controls. Conclusions. There is a significant risk of developing hypertension and renal dysfunction among patients receiving sunitinib. Adequate monitoring and treatment of hypertension is recommended.