Intrathymic and intrasplenic oxidative stress mediates thymocyte and splenocyte damage in acutely exercised mice

Reactive oxygen species may contribute to apoptosis in lymphoid tissues observed after exercise. Thymic and splenic tissues excised from control mice (C) or mice immediately after (t(0)) or 24 h after (t(24)) a run to exhaustion (RTE) were assayed for biochemical indexes of oxidative stress [thymic and splenic membrane lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA)]. There were significant increases in membrane lipid peroxides in thymus (P < 0.001) and spleen (P < 0.001) in acutely exercised mice relative to controls (thymus: C = 2.74 +/- 0.80 mu M; t(0) = 7.45 +/- 0.48 mu M; t(24) = 9.44 +/- 1.41 mu M; spleen: C = 0.48 +/- 0.22 mu M; t(0) = 1.78 +/- 0.28 mu M; t(24) = 2.81 +/- 0.34 mu M). The thymic and splenic tissue antioxidant enzymes concentrations of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in samples collected at to relative to C and t(24) mice (P < 0.001). Plasma UA and AA levels were used to assess the impact of the RTE on the peripheral antioxidant pool. There was no significant change in UA levels and a significant reduction in plasma AA concentrations (P < 0.001); the reduction in plasma AA occurred at t(24) (6.53 +/- 1.64 mu M) relative to t(0) (13.11 +/- 0.71 mu M) and C (13.26 +/- 1.2 mu M). These results suggest that oxidative damage occurs in lymphoid tissues after RTE exercise and that such damage may contribute to lymphocyte damage observed after acute exercise.