Adrenomedullin as a novel antiproliferative factor of vascular smooth muscle cells

Objective The present study was designed to examine whether adrenomedullin affects fetal calf serum (FCS)-stimulated proliferation in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods Rat VSMCs were grown from explants of Sprague-Dawley rat aorta and were grown using the standard cell culture method, After incubation for 24h with various concentrations of adrenomedullin in the presence of 5% FCS, trichloroacetic acid-insoluble tritiated thymidine was measured in a liquid scintillation counter, After incubation for 48 h, cell counts were performed, Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (AMP) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, Results Rat adrenomedullin exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of the FCS-stimulated increase in thymidine incorporation between 10(-7) and 10(-9) mol/l and of cell number at 10(-7) mol/l. However, the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist human CGRP(8-37) abolished these antiproliferative effects of rat adrenomedullin, Inhibition by adrenomedullin of FCS-stimulated cellular proliferation was paralleled by an increase in the cellular level of cyclic AMP. 8-Bromocyclic AMP, a cyclic AMP analogue, and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, inhibited the FCS-stimulated increase in thymidine incorporation and cell number, Conclusions These results suggst that adrenomedullin inhibits FCS-stimulated proliferation in cultured rat VSMCs, probably through a cyclic AMP-dependent process, Taken together with the finding that adrenomedullin is synthesized in and secreted from vascular endothelial cells, adrenomedullin may play a role as an antiproliferative factor for VSMCs in a paracrine fashion.