Saikosaponin A of Bupleurum chinense (Chaihu) elevates bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) during hepatic stellate cell activation

Background: Saikosaponin a (SSa) is a compound extracted from a Chinese herb which has been widely used in treating liver diseases such as liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism of SSa in treatment of liver fibrosis still remain unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that BMP4 stimulated the expression of smooth muscle alpha actin (alpha-SMA) in the liver. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of SSa on BMP4 expression during hepatic stellate cell activation in a human hepatic stellate cell line. Methods: LX-2 cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 with fetal bovine serum and treated with SSa in different times and concentrations. The expression of BMP4 was examined by both RT-PCR and western blot analysis. WST-1 proliferation reagent was used to evaluate cell proliferation. alpha-SMA and Bax protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Results: Both mRNA and protein levels of BMP-4 were significantly inhibited in LX-2 cells after 5 mu M SSa treatment. SSa significantly inhibited LX-2 proliferation at the concentration of 5 mu M while BMP-4 had no effect on LX-2 proliferation. BMP-4 increased alpha-SMA expression in LX-2 while SSa reduced alpha-SMA expression. In addition SSa could neutralize the effect of BMP-4 on alpha-SMA expression. SSd also inhibited BMP4 expression but not NG. Bax protein expression was induced in these cells by 5 mu M SSa. Conclusion: SSa could down-regulate BMP-4 expression and inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation. Therefore, SSa could be used for treatment of liver disease with elevated BMP-4 expression. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.