V2G Parking Lot With PV Rooftop for Capacity Enhancement of a Distribution System

被引:135
作者
Chukwu, Uwakwe C. [1 ]
Mahajan, Satish M. [2 ]
机构
[1] South Carolina State Univ, Dept Ind & Elect Engn Technol, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA
[2] Tennessee Technol Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA
关键词
Distribution system; electric power demand/supply; photovoltaic (PV); queuing theory; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) parking lot;
D O I
10.1109/TSTE.2013.2274601
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
083001 [环境科学];
摘要
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) units are gaining prominence and may dominate the auto-market in the near future. The V2G batteries require corporate parking lots for charging and discharging operations. The electric power capacity of an existing parking lot can be increased by the installation of photovoltaic (PV) rooftops. This paper describes mathematical models for estimating the electric power capacity of a V2G parking lot (VPL) system with PV canopy. The electric vehicle (EV) demand/supply model was formulated as a queuing theory problem, exhibiting stochastic characteristics. New formulae were developed to address the impacts of battery charger efficiency on the amount of power demand during battery charging, and also how the latter is effected by inverter efficiency during discharging. Mathematical models for grid gain factor were developed. The proposed models were tested using Tesla Roadster EV and Nissan leaf EV. Promising simulation results are gained leading to a conclusion that vehicle parking lots with PV facilities can potentially relieve and enhance the grid capacity. Results show that 60% gain factor is possible. The effect of weather uncertainties and energy market price were studied. The study could be useful in battery-charger control studies.
引用
收藏
页码:119 / 127
页数:9
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