Eye movements when reading disappearing text: is there a gap effect in reading?

Readers' eye movements were monitored when they read either normal sentences or sentences with masked or disappearing text (in which the fixated word disappeared or was masked after 60 ms). The goals of the research were to investigate (1) whether a gap effect occurred in reading and (2) the influence of linguistic and visual factors on oculomotor control. The results of a number of global analyses of eye movements under disappearing text conditions clearly demostrated that there is no gap effect in reading. However, comparative analyses across a number of local Measures in the experiments indicated that cognitive/lexical processes. as well as the continual uptake of visual information, influence eye movement control during reading. A persistant visual object throughout fixation caused refixations and even when a fixated word had disappeared (or been masked), there were significant effects of word frequency and word length. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.