Activated T helper cells produce many cytokines, some of which are secreted through the immunological synapse toward the antigen-presenting cell. Here we have used immunocytochemistry, live-cell imaging and a surface-mediated secretion assay to show that there are two cytokine export pathways in T helper cells. Some cytokines, including interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma, were secreted into the synapse, whereas others, including tumor necrosis factor and the chemokine CCL3 (MIP-1 alpha), were released multidirectionally. Each secretion pathway was associated with different trafficking proteins, indicating that they are molecularly distinct processes. These data suggest that T helper cells release some cytokines into the immunological synapse to impart specific communication and others multidirectionally to promote inflammation and to establish chemokine gradients.
机构:
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Bock, JB
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Matern, HT
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Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Matern, HT
;
Peden, AA
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Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Peden, AA
;
Scheller, RH
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Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
机构:
Univ Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Butz, EA
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Bevan, MJ
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Univ Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
机构:
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Bock, JB
;
Matern, HT
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Matern, HT
;
Peden, AA
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h-index: 0
机构:
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Peden, AA
;
Scheller, RH
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机构:
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
机构:
Univ Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Butz, EA
;
Bevan, MJ
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Immunol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA