A highly effective dominant negative αs construct containing mutations that affect distinct functions inhibits multiple Gs-coupled receptor signaling pathways

To investigate the subcellular organization of receptor-G protein signaling pathways, a robust dominant negative a. mutant containing substitutions that alter distinct functions was produced and tested for its effects on G.-coupled receptor activity in HEK-293 cells. Mutations in the alpha3beta5 loop region, which increase receptor affinity, decrease receptor-mediated activation, and impair activation of adenylyl cyclase, were combined with G226A, which increases affinity for betagamma, and A366S, which decreases affinity for GDP. This triple a. mutant can inhibit signaling to G. from the luteinizing hormone receptor by 97% and from the calcitonin receptor by 100%. In addition, this alpha(s) mutant blocks all signaling from the calcitonin receptor to G(q). These results lead to two conclusions about receptor-G protein signaling. First, individual receptors have access to multiple types of G proteins in HEK-293 cell membranes. Second, different G protein a subunits can compete with each other for binding to the same receptor. This dominant negative a. construct will be useful for determining interrelationships among distinct receptor-G protein interactions in a wide variety of cells and tissues.