Separate processing dynamics for texture elements, boundaries and surfaces in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey

A visual scene is rapidly segmented into the regions that are occupied by different objects and background. Segmentation may be initiated from the detection of boundaries, followed by the filling in of the surfaces between these boundaries to render them visible. Alternatively, segmentation may be based on grouping of surface elements that are similar, so that boundaries are (implicitly) identified as the borders between elements that are grouped into objects. Here, we present recordings from awake monkey primary visual cortex that show that in late (>80 ms) components of the neural responses a correlate of boundary formation is expressed, followed by a filling in (also called colouring) between the edges. These data favour a model of segmentation where boundary formation initiates surface filling-in.