Structural and Surface Features of Arc-Shaped Radar Echoes along an Outer Tropical Cyclone Rainband

This study uses ground-based dual-Doppler radar and surface observations to document the structural and surface features of the arc-shaped radar echoes (ASREs) evident along an outer rainband of Typhoon Longwang as it approached northern Taiwan on 1 October 2005. The particular aim of this study is to explore the possible distinction between the present case, previously documented tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs), and squall lines. The dual-Doppler-derived fields show that the leading precipitation of the studied ASREs exhibited a convective nature with a sharp horizontal gradient of reflectivity and a significant vertical extent. The regions behind the leading convection were characterized by band-relative rear-to-front flow at low levels and were associated with a broader area of stratiform precipitation. The deep layer of front-to-rear flow extending from the surface to the upper troposphere was generally present ahead of the ASREs. This flow appears to be lifted upward at and immediately ahead of the leading edge of the low-level rear-to-front flow to form rearward-tilting updrafts. These airflow patterns are similar to those of the convective region of squall lines but differ fundamentally from those of previously documented TCRs that were located closer to the inner core of cyclones. The detailed analyses of surface fluctuations during the passage of one of the studied ASREs further show an abrupt pressure rise (2 mb), a temperature drop (4 degrees C), and a pronounced deceleration of inflow air coincident with the leading heavy precipitation. The evaluation presented suggests that the convectively generated cold pool may be important in influencing the structures and propagation of the studied ASREs.