Fifty thousand years of Arctic vegetation and megafaunal diet

被引：431

作者：

Willerslev, Eske ^{[1
]}

Davison, John ^{[2
]}

Moora, Mari ^{[2
]}

Zobel, Martin ^{[2
]}

Coissac, Eric ^{[3
]}

Edwards, Mary E. ^{[4
]}

Lorenzen, Eline D. ^{[1
,5
]}

Vestergard, Mette ^{[1
]}

Gussarova, Galina ^{[6
,7
]}

Haile, James ^{[1
,8
]}

Craine, Joseph ^{[9
]}

Gielly, Ludovic ^{[3
]}

Boessenkool, Sanne ^{[6
]}

Epp, Laura S. ^{[6
]}

Pearman, Peter B. ^{[10
]}

Cheddadi, Rachid ^{[11
]}

Murray, David ^{[12
]}

Brathen, Kari Anne ^{[13
]}

Yoccoz, Nigel ^{[13
]}

Binney, Heather ^{[4
]}

Cruaud, Corinne ^{[14
]}

Wincker, Patrick ^{[14
]}

Goslar, Tomasz ^{[15
,16
]}

Alsos, Inger Greve ^{[17
]}

Bellemain, Eva ^{[6
]}

Brysting, Anne Krag ^{[18
]}

Elven, Reidar ^{[6
]}

Sonstebo, Jorn Henrik ^{[6
]}

Murton, Julian ^{[19
]}

Sher, Andrei ^{[20
]}

Rasmussen, Morten ^{[1
]}

Ronn, Regin ^{[21
]}

Mourier, Tobias ^{[1
]}

Cooper, Alan ^{[22
]}

Austin, Jeremy ^{[22
]}

Moller, Per ^{[23
]}

Froese, Duane ^{[24
]}

Zazula, Grant ^{[25
]}

Pompanon, Franois ^{[3
]}

Rioux, Delphine ^{[3
]}

Niderkorn, Vincent ^{[26
]}

Tikhonov, Alexei ^{[27
]}

Savvinov, Grigoriy ^{[28
]}

Roberts, Richard G. ^{[29
]}

MacPhee, Ross D. E. ^{[30
]}

Gilbert, M. Thomas P. ^{[1
]}

Kjaer, Kurt H. ^{[1
]}

Orlando, Ludovic ^{[1
]}

Brochmann, Christian ^{[6
]}

Taberlet, Pierre ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark

[2] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Bot, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia

[3] Univ Grenoble 1, UMR 5553, Lab Ecol Alpine LECA, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France

[4] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[5] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[6] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway

[7] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Bot, St Petersburg 199034, Russia

[8] Murdoch Univ, Vet & Life Sci Sch, Ancient DNA Lab, Perth, WA 6150, Australia

[9] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA

[10] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Landscape Dynam Unit, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland

[11] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut Montpellier, UMR 5554, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France

[12] Univ Alaska Museum North, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA

[13] Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway

[14] CEA, Inst Genom, Genoscope, F-91000 Evry, France

[15] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland

[16] Poznan Radiocarbon Lab, PL-61612 Poznan, Poland

[17] Tromso Univ Museum, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway

[18] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway

[19] Univ Sussex, Dept Geog, Permafrost Lab, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England

[20] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia

[21] Terr Ecol, Dept Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark

[22] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Australian Ctr Ancient DNA, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

[23] Lund Univ, Dept Geol Quaternary Sci, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden

[24] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada

[25] Govt Yukon, Dept Tourism & Culture, Yukon Palaeontol Program, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada

[26] INRA, Herbivores UMR1213, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France

[27] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia

[28] North Eastern Fed Univ, Inst Appl Ecol North, Yakutsk 677000, Russia

[29] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Ctr Archaeol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia

[30] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2014年 / 506卷 / 7486期

基金：

澳大利亚研究理事会; 新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

SPECIES RICHNESS ESTIMATORS; PERENNIALLY FROZEN LOESS; ST-MICHAEL ISLAND; YUKON-TERRITORY; RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGIES; MAMMOTH-STEPPE; DNA-SEQUENCES; PLANT; SOIL; CLIMATE;

D O I：

10.1038/nature12921

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Although it is generally agreed that the Arctic flora is among the youngest and least diverse on Earth, the processes that shaped it are poorly understood. Here we present 50 thousand years (kyr) of Arctic vegetation history, derived from the first large-scale ancient DNA metabarcoding study of circumpolar plant diversity. For this interval we also explore nematode diversity as a proxy for modelling vegetation cover and soil quality, and diets of herbivorous megafaunal mammals, many of which became extinct around 10 kyr BP (before present). For much of the period investigated, Arctic vegetation consisted of dry steppe-tundra dominated by forbs (non-graminoid herbaceous vascular plants). During the Last Glacial Maximum (25-15 kyr BP), diversity declined markedly, although forbs remained dominant. Much changed after 10 kyr BP, with the appearance of moist tundra dominated by woody plants and graminoids. Our analyses indicate that both graminoids and forbs would have featured in megafaunal diets. As such, our findings question the predominance of a Late Quaternary graminoid-dominated Arctic mammoth steppe.

引用

页码：47 / +

页数：20

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