Cecum ligation and dissection: a novel modified mouse sepsis model

Background: The fact that many sepsis therapeutics failed to be translated into the human indicates that there is still a serious need to reassess our models of sepsis research. We aimed to develop a novel modified model of sepsis in the mouse, which simulates the clinical situation more accurately. Materials and methods: Sepsis was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by dissecting the cecum and placing the discontinued organ back into the abdomen (cecum ligation and dissection [CLD]). Septic animals were relaparotomized after 6 h, followed by peritoneal lavage, and antibiotic treatment. Results were compared with shams or the classic colon ligation and puncture (CLP) model. The postoperative lung impairment was assessed using neutrophil invasion as a surrogate. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured by either real-time polymerase chain reaction or Luminex technology, and liver damage was evaluated by aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase measurements. Results: In CLD animals with relaparotomy after 6 h, lung interleukin (IL) 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 messenger RNA levels, and neutrophil invasion were significantly increased. Liver messenger RNA expression in CLD animals was significantly upregulated for IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-10, and MCP-1 compared with sham and CLP animals. Significantly higher levels of alanine transaminase were observed in CLD animals. Finally, systemic inflammation as measured by plasma IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-10, and MCP-1 was significantly increased in all CLD animals compared with shams, whereas CLP animals only showed an insignificant increase in the latter molecules. Conclusions: Our modifications to the classic CLP model significantly produced organ inflammation, liver damage, and a similar mortality compared with a clinical setting, with a reliable onset of sepsis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.