Incidence of renal dysfunction over 6 months in patients with chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction: contributing factors and relationship to prognosis

Aims To determine the prevalence and incidence of renal dysfunction (RD) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), to identify contributory factors and predictors of worsening renal function (WRF), and to explore the relationship between RD and mortality. Methods and results Prospective data on 1216 patients with CHF were analysed. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was used to determine renal function, and WRF was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of > 26.5 mu mol/L (> 0.3 mg/dL). The prevalence of RD defined as a GFR of < 60 mL/min was 57%. During 6 months, WRF occurred in 161 (13.0%) patients. Predictors of WRF were vascular disease, the use of thiazide diuretics, and a baseline urea > 9 mmol/L. Two hundred and sixty-three (21.6%) patients died, and baseline RD and WRF both predicted a higher mortality (P < 0.001), whereas an improvement in renal function over the first 6 months predicted a lower mortality (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.6-1.0). Conclusion In ambulatory patients with CHF, RD is common, commonly deteriorates over a relatively short period of time, is unlikely to recover substantially, and augurs a poor prognosis.