Characterization of tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice

被引:667
作者
Marino, MW
Dunn, A
Grail, D
Inglese, M
Noguchi, Y
Richards, E
Jungbluth, A
Wada, H
Moore, M
Williamson, B
Basu, S
Old, LJ
机构
[1] LUDWIG INST CANC RES,MELBOURNE BRANCH,MELBOURNE,VIC 3050,AUSTRALIA
[2] MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT EXPT HEMATOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021
关键词
D O I
10.1073/pnas.94.15.8093
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) initially came to prominence because of its anti-tumor activity, most attention is now focused on its proinflammatory actions. TNF appears to play a critical role in both early and late events involved in inflammation, from localizing the noxious agent and amplifying the cellular and mediator responses at the local site and systemically, to editing (e.g., apoptosis) injured cells or effete immune cells and repairing inflammatory damage. We have generated mice deficient in TNF (TNF-/- mice) and have begun to examine the multiple functions attributed to TNF, TNF-/- mice develop normally and have no gross structural or morphological abnormalities, As predicted, they are highly susceptible to challenge with an infectious agent (Candida albicans), are resistant to the lethality of minute doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following D-galactosamine treatment, have a deficiency in granuloma development, and do not form germinal centers after immunization, Phagocytic activity of macrophages appears relatively normal, as do T cell functions, as measured by proliferation, cytokine release, and cytotoxicity, B cell response to thymus-independent antigens is normal, but the Ig response to thymus-dependent antigen is reduced. Surprisingly, cytokine production induced by LPS appears essentially intact, with the exception of reduced colony-stimulating factor activity. Other unexpected findings coming from our initial analysis are as follows. (i) TNF has low toxicity in TNF-/- mice. (ii) TNF-/- mice show an anomalous late response to heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum. In contrast to the prompt response (granuloma formation, hepatosplenomegaly) and subsequent resolution phase in C. parvum-injected TNF+/+ mice, similarly treated TNF-/- mice show little or no initial response, but then develop a vigorous, disorganized inflammatory response leading to death, These results suggest that TNF has an essential homeostatic role in limiting the extent and duration of an inflammatory process-i.e., an anti-inflammatory function, (iii) In contrast to the expectation that TNF+/+ mice and TNF+/- mice would have identical phenotypes, TNF+/- mice showed increased susceptibility to high-dose LPS lethality, increased susceptibility to Candida challenge, and delayed resolution of the C. parvum-induced inflammatory process, indicating a strong gene dose requirement for different actions of TNF.
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页码:8093 / 8098
页数:6
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