The Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM) includes two aerosol schemes: the Coupled Large-scale Aerosol Simulator for Studies in Climate (CLASSIC), and the new Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP-mode). GLOMAP-mode is a modal aerosol microphysics scheme that simulates not only aerosol mass but also aerosol number, represents internally-mixed particles, and includes aerosol microphysical processes such as nucleation. In this study, both schemes provide hindcast simulations of natural and anthropogenic aerosol species for the period 2000-2006. HadGEM simulations of the aerosol optical depth using GLOMAP-mode compare better than CLASSIC against a data-assimilated aerosol re-analysis and aerosol ground-based observations. Because of differences in wet deposition rates, GLOMAP-mode sulphate aerosol residence time is two days longer than CLASSIC sulphate aerosols, whereas black carbon residence time is much shorter. As a result, CLASSIC underestimates aerosol optical depths in continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere and likely overestimates absorption in remote regions. Aerosol direct and first indirect radiative forcings are computed from simulations of aerosols with emissions for the year 1850 and 2000. In 1850, GLOMAP-mode predicts lower aerosol optical depths and higher cloud droplet number concentrations than CLASSIC. Consequently, simulated clouds are much less susceptible to natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes when the microphysical scheme is used. In particular, the response of cloud condensation nuclei to an increase in dimethyl sulphide emissions becomes a factor of four smaller. The combined effect of different 1850 baselines, residence times, and abilities to affect cloud droplet number, leads to substantial differences in the aerosol forcings simulated by the two schemes. GLOMAP-mode finds a presentday direct aerosol forcing of -0.49 Wm(-2) on a global average, 72% stronger than the corresponding forcing from CLASSIC. This difference is compensated by changes in first indirect aerosol forcing: the forcing of -1.17 Wm(-2) obtained with GLOMAP-mode is 20% weaker than with CLASSIC. Results suggest that mass-based schemes such as CLASSIC lack the necessary sophistication to provide realistic input to aerosol-cloud interaction schemes. Furthermore, the importance of the 1850 baseline highlights how model skill in predicting present-day aerosol does not guarantee reliable forcing estimates. Those findings suggest that the more complex representation of aerosol processes in microphysical schemes improves the fidelity of simulated aerosol forcings.
机构:
Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Bauer, S. E.
;
Wright, D. L.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Wright, D. L.
;
Koch, D.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Koch, D.
;
Lewis, E. R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Lewis, E. R.
;
McGraw, R.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
McGraw, R.
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Chang, L. -S.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Chang, L. -S.
;
Schwartz, S. E.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Schwartz, S. E.
;
Ruedy, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA
SSP, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Benedetti, A.
;
Morcrette, J. -J.
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机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Morcrette, J. -J.
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Boucher, O.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Boucher, O.
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Dethof, A.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Dethof, A.
;
Engelen, R. J.
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h-index: 0
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European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Engelen, R. J.
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Fisher, M.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Fisher, M.
;
Flentje, H.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, GermanyEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Flentje, H.
;
Huneeus, N.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Huneeus, N.
;
Jones, L.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Jones, L.
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Kaiser, J. W.
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机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Kaiser, J. W.
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Kinne, S.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanyEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Kinne, S.
;
Mangold, A.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Observat Dept, B-1180 Uccle, BelgiumEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Mangold, A.
;
Razinger, M.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Razinger, M.
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Simmons, A. J.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Simmons, A. J.
;
Suttie, M.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
机构:
Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Bauer, S. E.
;
Wright, D. L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Wright, D. L.
;
Koch, D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Koch, D.
;
Lewis, E. R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Lewis, E. R.
;
McGraw, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
McGraw, R.
;
Chang, L. -S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Chang, L. -S.
;
Schwartz, S. E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
Schwartz, S. E.
;
Ruedy, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA
SSP, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Benedetti, A.
;
Morcrette, J. -J.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Morcrette, J. -J.
;
Boucher, O.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Boucher, O.
;
Dethof, A.
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h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Dethof, A.
;
Engelen, R. J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Engelen, R. J.
;
Fisher, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Fisher, M.
;
Flentje, H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, GermanyEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Flentje, H.
;
Huneeus, N.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Huneeus, N.
;
Jones, L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Jones, L.
;
Kaiser, J. W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Kaiser, J. W.
;
Kinne, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanyEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Kinne, S.
;
Mangold, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Observat Dept, B-1180 Uccle, BelgiumEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Mangold, A.
;
Razinger, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Razinger, M.
;
Simmons, A. J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
Simmons, A. J.
;
Suttie, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, EnglandEuropean Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England