Preparation and investigation of magnetic properties of wustite nanoparticles

In this work wustite nanoparticles have been prepared via high-energy ball milling, using high-purity hematite (Fe(2)O(3)) and iron (Fe) powders as the starting materials. In order to get a single-phase wustite different mole ratios of (Fe/Fe(2)O(3)) were milled, using a planetary mill. X-ray diffraction studies of the as-milled powders show that a single-phase wustite was formed for a mole ratio of 0.6. Lattice parameter of the wustite was obtained from XRD data, by which a value of 0.072 was obtained for x in Fe(1-x)O. A mean crystallite size of 13 +/- 1 nm was calculated for the single-phase wustite, using Scherrer's formula. The morphology of the powders was also checked by TEM. Variations of pressure and temperature in the vial were recorded with respect to the milling time, using a GTM unit. Hysteresis loops of the as-milled powders at 5 K and room temperature have been obtained by SQUID and by VSM systems, respectively. The loops show non-zero coercivity, in contrast to the bulk wustite. The observed magnetizations can be explained by a model based on the spinel-type defect clusters in non-stoichiometry wustite. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.