Wavelength-dependent effect of tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin for photodynamic therapy in an 'early' squamous cell carcinoma model

The purpose of the present study was to correlate the wavelength of the irradiation source with the phototoxic activity of tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) in healthy and neoplastic mucosae. The hamster tumour model for early squamous cell carcinoma was used in these experiments. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that mTHPC absorbs significantly at 652 nm (1, 2). This wavelength is used currently in clinical mTHPC photodynamic therapy (PDT) trials. In order to study the wavelength dependence of the phototoxic effect on normal and tumour tissues, irradiation tests were performed 4 days after injection of 0.5 mg kg(-1) mTHPC. An argon-ion pumped dye laser was used as the light source. The light dose of 12 J cm(-2) was delivered at a light dose rate of 150 mW cm(-2). The wavelength was varied between 642.5 and 665 nm at 2.5-nm increments. The PDT damage was evaluated in serial Haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections using a tissue-damage scale. Light between 647.5 and 652.5 nm induced the highest damage to both the healthy and tumour mucosae. At wavelengths equal to or below 645 nm, and equal to or above 655 nm, tissue damage decreased. Wavelengths below 642 nm and above 660 nm did not induce any visible tissue damage. These results suggest that the in vivo optimal wavelength range for PDT with mTHPC is between 647 and 652 nm. This information is essential for selecting an appropriate light source.