Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch contours in Chinese tones

Auditory nerve single-unit population studies have demonstrated that phase-locking plays a dominant role in the neural encoding of both the spectrum and voice pitch of speech sounds. Phase-locked neural activity underlying the scalp-recorded human frequency-following response (FFR) has also been shown to encode certain spectral features of steady-state and time-variant speech sounds as well as pitch of several complex sounds that produce time-invariant pitch percepts. By extension, it was hypothesized that the human FFR may preserve pitch-relevant information for speech sounds that elicit time-variant as well as steady-state pitch percepts. FFRs were elicited in response to the four lexical tones of Mandarin Chinese as well as to a complex auditory stimulus which was spectrally different but equivalent in fundamental frequency (f(0)) contour to one of the Chinese tones. Autocorrelation-based pitch extraction measures revealed that the FFR does indeed preserve pitch-relevant information for all stimuli. Phase-locked interpeak intervals closely followed f(0). Spectrally different stimuli that were equivalent in F-0 similarly showed robust interpeak intervals that followed f(0). These FFR findings support the viability of early, population-based 'predominant interval' representations of pitch in the auditory brainstem that are based on temporal patterns of phase-locked neural activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.