Interferon-α in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and glomerulonephritis are the most important extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) Infection. In HCV-infected patients with MC, renal involvement worsens the overall prognosis because of a high Incidence of Infection or cardiovascular disease. The relationship between MC and HCV Infection has prompted the use of antiviral therapy. Two patients with chronic HCV Infection, type-II MC and membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), presenting as nephrotic syndrome were treated with Interferon (IFN)-alpha (3 MU 3 times per week) and ribavirin (15 mg/kg daily) for 6 months. Laboratory tests included measurement of anti-HCV antibodies, HCV RNA, and HCV genotyping, and characterization of circulating cryoglobulins. A pretreatment renal biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic lesions were scored according to the index of disease activity. Viremia and cryoglobulinemia were suppressed In both patients. However, a complete remission of proteinuria was observed in I patient only. The evaluation of the renal biopsy specimens revealed a mild MPGN (activity score: 5/24) in the patient with remission of proteinuria and a severe MPGN (activity score: 15/24) In the patient who maintained a nephrotic-range proteinuria. Although a fully satisfactory treatment is not yet available, we feel that a reasonable therapeutic strategy for HCV-infected patients with MC nephritis could be as follows: (1) antiviral treatment alone for patients with a low-grade kidney involvement, and (2) a short-term course of steroids and cytotoxic drugs followed by antiviral therapy for acute exacerbations and/or rapidly progressive GN. (C) 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.