Fatty acyl-CoA acyl-CoA-binding protein complexes activate the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum

We previously reported that fatty acyl-CoA esters activate ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels in a terminal cisternae fraction from rabbit skeletal muscle [Fulceri, Nori, Gamberucci, Volpe, Giunti and Benedetti (1994) Cell Calcium 15, 109-116]. Skeletal muscle cytosol contains a high-affinity fatty acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) [Knudsen, Hojrup, Hansen, H.O., Hansen, H. F. and Roepstorff(1989) Biochem. J. 262, 513-519]. We show here that palmitoyl-CoA (PCoA) in a complex with a molar excess of bovine ACBP causes a discrete Ca2+ efflux or allows Ca2+ release from the Ca2+-preloaded terminal cisternae fraction by sub-optimal caffeine concentrations. Both effects were abolished by elevating the free [Mg2+] in the system, which inhibits the Ca2+ release channel activity. Sensitization towards caffeine was a function of both the concentration of the complex and the [PCoA]-to-[ACBP] ratio. In all experimental conditions the calculated free [PCoA] was no more than 50 nM, and such concentrations by themselves were inactive on Ca2+ release channels. The K-D for PCoA binding was approx. 2 nM for bovine and yeast ACBP, and slightly higher (8 nM) for rat ACBP. The PCoA-rat ACBP complex behaved in the same manner as the PCoA-bovine ACBP complex, whereas the ester complexed with yeast ACBP was more active in activating/sensitizing Ca2+ efflux. A non-hydrolysable analogue of PCoA bound to (bovine) ACBP also sensitized the Ca2+ release channel towards caffeine. These findings indicate that fatty acyl-CoA-ACBP complexes either interact directly with one or more components in the terminal cisternae membranes or, through interaction with the component(s), donate the fatty acyl-CoA esters to high-affinity binding sites of the membrane, thus affecting (and possibly regulating) Ca2+ release channel activity.