In situ observations of contrail microphysics and implications for their radiative impact

被引:31
作者
Poellot, MR
Arnott, WP
Hallett, J
机构
[1] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA
[2] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1029/1999JD900109
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
In this study we present the microphysical characteristics of 21 jet contrail clouds sampled in situ and examine the possible effects of exhaust on natural cirrus and radiative effects of contrails. Microphysical samples were obtained with Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) 2D-C, 1D-C, and FSSP probes. About one half of the study contrails were generated by the sampling aircraft, a Cessna Citation, primarily at times of 3-15 min after generation; the source and age of the others is unknown. On average, the contrails contained particles of mean diameter of the order of 10 mu m in concentrations exceeding 10,000 L-1. Contrails embedded in natural cirrus appeared to have little effect on the natural cloud microphysics. Anomalous diffraction theory was used to model radiative properties of sampled contrails. The contrail cirrus showed considerably more spectral variation in extinction and absorption efficiencies than natural cirrus because of the large numbers of small crystals in contrails. Embedded contrails also displayed greater emissivity and emission than natural cirrus and a greater spectral variation in transmission.
引用
收藏
页码:12077 / 12084
页数:8
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