Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated With Reduced Patient Survival After Kidney Transplantation

Introduction. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients on dialysis where it is associated with reduced Survival. The possible association between PH and kidney transplant recipient survival has not been previously evaluated. Methods. In this retrospective study, we screened for PH pretransplant in 215 transplant candidates using cardiac echocardiography and measurements of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Results. Sixty-eight percent of patients had normal RVSP (<35 mm Hg), 47 (22%) had mild to moderately elevated RVSP (36-50), and 22 (10%) had markedly elevated RVSP more than 50 suggestive of severe PH. Time on dialysis was the strongest correlate of an elevated RVSP (r=0.253, P<0.001) and this relationship was independent of other variables. Elevated RVSP was observed in 25%, 25%, 38%, and 58% of patients not on dialysis, on dialysis for less than I year, more than I to 2 years, or more than 2 years, respectively. An RVSP more than 50 was associated with significantly reduced posttransplant Survival (hazard ratio =3.75 [1.17-11.97], P=0.016). This relationship seemed to be independent of other variables including older age, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, low serum albumin, and delayed graft function. Conclusion. These analyses suggest for the first time that pretransplant PH correlates with patient survival after kidney transplantation.