Differential effects of enalapril and nitrendipine on the fibrinolytic system in essential hypertension

Background Impaired fibrinolysis is associated with thromboembolic complications in hypertensive patients. It has been reported that cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates are high even after lowering the elevated blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of clinically used dosages of enalapril and nitrendipine on the fibrinolytic system. Methods Tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA) and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity were measured in 20 normotensive male subjects and 46 male patients with mild essential hypertension divided into 2 groups (22 patients treated with 5 to 10 mg enalapril once a day and 24 treated with 5 to 10 mg nitrendipine once a day) before and 3 months after drug administration. Plasma renin activity and norepinephrine concentration were also measured. Results There were no significant differences in basal characteristics between the 2 hypertensive groups. In both hypertensive groups, blood pressure was significantly reduced to a similar level after drug treatment, In the 2 hypertensive groups, plasma renin activity significantly increased after drug treatment; however, there were no significant changes in norepinephrine concentration. Before drug treatment, the 2 hypertensive groups had significantly higher IPA and higher PAI-1 activity than the normotensive subjects. In the enalapril group, there was no significant change in IPA although PAI-1 activity significantly decreased after drug treatment. In the nitrendipine group, there was no significant change in tPA although PAI-1 activity significantly increased after drug treatment. Conclusion Thus enalapril improved impaired fibrinolysis but nitrendipine further aggravated Fibrinolysis in essential hypertension. Considering the effect of antihypertensive drugs on the fibrinolytic system, more effective and beneficial treatment of hypertensives, especially at a high risk for thrombus formation might be selected.