One-dimensional thermomechanical constitutive relations for shape memory materials (Reprinted from Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol 1, pg 207-234, 1990)

The use of the thermoelastic martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation has recently been proposed and demonstrated for several active control applications. However, the present constitutive models have lacked several important fundamental concepts that are essential for many of the proposed intelligent material system applications such as shape memory hybrid composites. A complete, unified, one-dimensional constitutive model of shape memory materials is developed and presented in this paper. The thermomechanical model formulation herein will investigate important material characteristics involved with the internal phase transformation of shape memory alloys. These characteristics include energy dissipation in the material that governs the damping behavior, stress-strain-temperature relations for pseudoelasticity, and the shape memory effect. Some numerical examples using the model are also presented.