Synergistic effects between recombinant interleukin-2 and the synthetic immunomodulator murabutide: Selective enhancement of cytokine release and potentiation of antitumor activity

The use of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the treatment of cancer has shown limited efficacy and dose-limiting toxicity, Combination therapy with other cytokines and/or chemotherapeutic agents has been attempted to enhance the antitumor activity and to reduce the effective therapeutic dose of IL-2, We recently showed, in vitro and in vivo, a synergistic activity between the synthetic immunomodulator murabutide, which is in clinical stage of development, and another therapeutic cytokine, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). The present study was performed to assess a possible potentiation of the biologic activities of IL-2 by its association with murabutide. Human PBMC stimulated in vitro with IL-2 and murabutide showed synergistic levels of induced mRNA accumulation and protein secretion for IFN-gamma, HL-12, and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). No such effects were obtained on the induction of most inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Furthermore, the combined administration of murabutide with IL-2 into Meth-A sarcoma-bearing mice resulted in a very significant tumor inhibition as well as in complete tumor regression in nearly 70% of the treated mice, Under the same conditions, treatment with either compound separately had little or no antitumor effect, These preclinical findings will be pursued by the evaluation of the clinical tolerance and biologic activity of the murabutide/IL-2 combination therapy in cancer patients.