Deposition of organic electrodes based on wet process for organic devices

Patterned organic electrodes of charge-transfer complexes were deposited based on a printing method and solution chemistry without a vacuum and high temperature. The deposited organic electrodes showed large work functions, and they were examined as upper electrodes of organic photovoltaic cells. It is found that the charge-transfer complexes can be used as wiring material instead of metals without secondary treatment. In comparison with the cells using the conventional metals, a few different properties were observed for those with organic electrodes. The differences are assignable to the difference between the organic-organic and the organic-inorganic contacts. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.