Urban Environmental Health Hazards and Health Equity

被引:104
作者
Kjellstrom, Tord [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Friel, Sharon [4 ]
Dixon, Jane [2 ]
Corvalan, Carlos [5 ]
Rehfuess, Eva [5 ]
Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid [5 ]
Gore, Fiona [5 ]
Bartram, Jamie [5 ]
机构
[1] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ostersund, Sweden
[2] Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia
[3] Hlth & Environm Int Trust, Mapua, Nelson, New Zealand
[4] UCL, London, England
[5] WHO, Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland
来源
JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE | 2007年 / 84卷 / Suppl 1期
关键词
Economic resources; Environment; Equity; Social determinants; Urban health;
D O I
10.1007/s11524-007-9171-9
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 [公共卫生与预防医学]; 120402 [社会医学与卫生事业管理];
摘要
This paper outlines briefly how the living environment can affect health. It explains the links between social and environmental determinants of health in urban settings. Interventions to improve health equity through the environment include actions and policies that deal with proximal risk factors in deprived urban areas, such as safe drinking water supply, reduced air pollution from household cooking and heating as well as from vehicles and industry, reduced traffic injury hazards and noise, improved working environment, and reduced heat stress because of global climate change. The urban environment involves health hazards with an inequitable distribution of exposures and vulnerabilities, but it also involves opportunities for implementing interventions for health equity. The high population density in many poor urban areas means that interventions at a small scale level can assist many people, and existing infrastructure can sometimes be upgraded to meet health demands. Interventions at higher policy levels that will create more sustainable and equitable living conditions and environments include improved city planning and policies that take health aspects into account in every sector. Health equity also implies policies and actions that improve the global living environment, for instance, limiting greenhouse gas emissions. In a global equity perspective, improving the living environment and health of the poor in developing country cities requires actions to be taken in the most affluent urban areas of the world. This includes making financial and technical resources available from high-income countries to be applied in low-income countries for urgent interventions for health equity. This is an abbreviated version of a paper on "Improving the living environment" prepared for the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Knowledge Network on Urban Settings.
引用
收藏
页码:I86 / I97
页数:12
相关论文
共 71 条
[1]
Akhtar R, 2001, CLIMATE CHANGE 2001: IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITY, P451
[2]
MAPPING MICRO-URBAN HEAT ISLANDS USING LANDSAT TM AND A GIS [J].
ANIELLO, C ;
MORGAN, K ;
BUSBEY, A ;
NEWLAND, L .
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES, 1995, 21 (08) :965-+
[3]
[Anonymous], [No title captured], DOI DOI 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195172997.003.0008
[4]
[Anonymous], MAK DIFF IND IMPR CH
[5]
[Anonymous], 2004, THEOR ACT IMPL WSSD
[6]
[Anonymous], 2014, BIS PAPERS
[7]
[Anonymous], 2004, ENV PROBLEMS URBANIZ
[8]
[Anonymous], 2003, CHALL SLUMS GLOB REP
[9]
Bruce N, 2006, DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2ND EDITION, P793
[10]
Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 2006, STUDY REPORT FIRES C