Mineralogy and petrology of amoeboid olivine inclusions in CO3 chondrites: Relationship to parent-body aqueous alteration

Petrographic and mineralogic studies of amoeboid olivine inclusions (AOIs) in CO3 carbonaceous chondrites reveal that they are sensitive indicators of parent-body aqueous and thermal alteration. As the petrologic subtype increases from 3.0 to 3.8, forsteritic olivine (Fa(0-1)) is systematically converted into ferroan olivine (Fa(60-75)). We infer that the Fe, Si and 0 entered the assemblage along grain boundaries, forming ferroan olivine that filled fractures and voids. As temperatures increased, Fe+2 from the new olivine exchanged with Mg+2 from the original AOI to form diffusive haloes around low-FeO cores. Cations of Mn+2, Ca+2 and Cr+3 were also mobilized. The systematic changes in AOI textures and olivine compositional distributions can be used to refine the classification of CO3 chondrites into subtypes. In subtype 3.0, olivine occurs as small forsterite grains (Fa(0-1)), free of ferroan olivine. In petrologic subtype 3.2, narrow veins of FeO-rich olivine have formed at forsterite grain boundaries. With increasing alteration, these veins thicken to form zones of ferroan olivine at the outside AOI margin and within the AOI interior. By subtype 3.7, there is a fairly broad olivine compositional distribution in the range Fa(63-70), and by subtype 3.8, no forsterite remains and the high-Fa peak has narrowed, Fa(64-67). Even at this stage, there is incomplete equilibration in the chondrite as a whole (e.g., data for coarse olivine grains in Isna (CO3.8) chondrules and lithic clasts show a peak at Fa(39)). We infer that the mineral changes in AOI identified in the low petrologic types required aqueous or hydrothermal fluids whereas those in subtypes greater than or equal to3.3 largely reflect diffusive exchange within and between mineral grains without the aid of fluids.